JEL classification

Input-Output Tables 2015 [21/12/2018]

In accordance with the Law of 21 December 1994, the Federal Planning Bureau (FPB) is responsible for drawing up the five-yearly input-output tables within the framework of the National Accounts Institute. In this publication, the Input-Output Tables for the year 2015 at current prices are presented. These tables have been compiled according to the ESA 2010 methodology and the NACE Rev. 2/ CPA 2.1 classification.

Tableaux Entrées-Sorties 2010 - SEC 2010
Input-outputtabellen 2010 - ESR 2010 [22/12/2015]

Labour productivity growth in Belgium - Long-term trend decline and possible actions [02/10/2015]

The paper analyses the long-term trend of Belgian economic growth and the more recent evolution of labour productivity including the impact of the crisis. It identifies the causes of declining trend of productivity gains by analysing the structural changes in the economy and by applying the growth accounting methodology on industry-level data. Finally, possible policy actions are detailed which minimise the negative short term impact on aggregate demand while maximising the positive effect on labour productivity growth.

Tableaux Entrées-Sorties 2010
Input-outputtabellen 2010 [20/12/2013]

Arbeidskosten, loonsubsidies, arbeidsproductiviteit en opleidingsinspanningen van ondernemingen
Coût salarial, subventions salariales, productivité du travail et effort de formation des entreprises [19/07/2013]

Within the context of the economic stimulus plan adopted at the end of 2012, the government set up a group of experts from the National Bank of Belgium (NBB), the Federal Planning Bureau (FPB), the High Council for Employment (HCE), the Directorate General Statistics and Economic Information (DGSEI), the Central Economic Council (CEC) and Eurostat. The group was charged with the following missions:

• an impact analysis of subsidies which decrease labour costs in Belgium and in its three main neighbouring countries;
• an analysis per industry of the differences in labour costs and productivity between Belgium and its three main neighbouring countries;
• an objectification of  the training efforts by enterprises with regard to the 1.9 % objective set by law.

To complete these missions, the group of experts has drawn up this two-part report. The first part (A) deals with productivity and labour costs and the second part (B) discusses training efforts by enterprises.

Supply and Use Tables and Input-Output Tables 1995-2007 for Belgium - Methodology of Compilation [24/05/2012]

Users of Supply and Use Tables (SUT) and Input-Output Tables (IOT) compiled in different national accounts (NA) vintages face a problem of consistency of their data due to revisions in the NA. This paper describes the methodology that has been followed to compile a consistent time series of Belgian SUT and IOT for the period 1995-2007, in line with the NA published in November 2010.

L’élasticité de l’impôt des personnes physiques - Approche macroéconomique prospective de l’élasticité nationale et de l’élasticité de l’impôt régionalisé
De elasticiteit van de personenbelasting - Prospectieve macro-economische benadering van de nationale elasticiteit en van de elasticiteit van een geregionaliseerde personenbelasting [15/03/2012]

This Working Paper discusses the elasticity and the progressivity of personal income tax. Both concepts deal with the same object but from a different perspective: elasticity has a temporal angle, whereas progressivity has a cross-sectional angle. Progressivity is here estimated based on the distribution statistics of taxable income and taxes. In addition, a method is introduced to assess the negative relationship between progressivity and income growth. In retrospect, that relationship contributes to explain the evolution of progressivity during the past decades. Looking ahead, it can be used to project – under an unchanged policies assumption – an evolution of elasticity different from the constant elasticity hypothesis, typical of short- and medium-term models, and from the unitary elasticity hypothesis, typical of long-term models. In this context, the impact of the larger share of pensions in the tax base on progressivity is taken into account. This Working Paper also discusses the regionalization of personal income tax approved within the framework of the Institutional Agreement for the sixth Reform of the State of 2011. More specifically, it demonstrates how the treatment of elements from the tax system with a fixed dimension (zero tax bracket, tax relief) and elements with a progressive dimension (income scale) influences the specific elasticity of the regional and the federal tax shares in personal income tax.

La loi du 26 juillet 1996 relative à la promotion de l’emploi et à la sauvegarde préventive de la compétitivité [30/01/2012]

The 1996 Act establishes a preventive wage norm, based on the expected evolution of the labour costs in three reference countries, namely France, Germany and the Netherlands. It refers for those three countries to forecasts drawn up by the OECD. In its "Economic Outlook", the Federal Planning Bureau (FPB) analyses in the chapter on the labour market, particularly since the 2007 edition, the monitoring of the “wage norm”. This analysis revealed the existence of different concepts of wage costs. This note aims to clarify and explain these concepts as well as the wage developments in these different meanings. It also seeks to raise questions related to these concepts

The determinants of industry-level total factor productivity in Belgium [26/04/2011]

In this Working Paper the impact of potential determinants of total factor productivity, i.e. the part of output that cannot be explained by the quantity of production factors, is estimated for Belgium using industry-level data for the period 1988-2007.

Comparaison des composantes de la croissance de la productivité : Belgique, Allemagne, France et Pays-Bas 1996-2007 [21/10/2010]

Tableaux Entrées-Sorties de la Belgique pour 2005
Input-outputtabellen van België voor 2005 [20/05/2010]

Vingt-cinq ans d'évolutions régionales - Un aperçu au départ de la base de données du modèle HERMREG
Vijfentwintig jaar regionale ontwikkelingen - Een overzicht op basis van de databank van het HERMREG-model [18/04/2008]

Een vergelijkende analyse van de Input-Outputtabellen van 1995 en 2000 [06/04/2005]

Tableaux Entrées-Sorties de la Belgique pour 2000
Input-output-tabellen van België voor 2000 [28/01/2005]

Een poging tot vergelijking van de Input-Output-tabellen van 1990 en 1995 [31/10/2003]

Tableaux Entrées-Sorties de la Belgique pour 1995
Input-output-tabellen van België voor 1995 [28/02/2003]

Constructing productive ICT capital stock series for Belgium [13/11/2002]

We are grateful to our colleagues at the Federal Planning Bureau and to staff at the National Accounts Division of the National Bank of Belgium for their comments and suggestions. We also like to thank Marleen Keytsman for her help in preparing the document. All remaining errors are ours.

In this paper, a methodology is proposed for the construction of ICT investment and capital stocks in Belgium. The series are obtained in nominal and in real terms and at macroeconomic as well as sector level. The ICT assets distinguished are IT equipment and communications equipment, leaving software out of the analysis. After calculation of investment expenditure on both assets, the expenditure is transformed into quality-adjusted volume terms by means of harmonised price indices derived from appropriate U.S. indices. Productive capital stocks are calculated by means of the perpetual inventory method, and rental prices of the ICT capital services are obtained as well.

Projet MODTRIM - Description du modèle dans sa version actuelle [01/03/1994]

A disequilibrium macroeconomic model of the Belgian economy : the Maribel II model of the Planning office [01/07/1989]