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The FPB’s studies cover 11 main themes: Energy, Environmental economic accounts and analyses, International economy, Labour market, Macroeconomic forecasts and analyses, Public finances, Sectoral accounts and analyses, Social protection, demography and prospective studies, Structural studies, Sustainable development, Transport.
The Gender Pension Gap (GPG) and the Gender Pension Coverage Gap (GPCG) are indicators of inequality between genders concerning pensions. This report discusses the extent and evolution of the GPG and GPCG in the EU countries. Also, these measures are evaluated as to their quality as indicators of gender inequality in old age, and proposals for possible improvements are made.
The Gender Pension Gap (GPG) shows much variation between the EU Member States. This report analyses the links between the GPG, aspects of pension systems and gender inequalities on the labour market in past decades.
This report shows that minimum regulations (minimum pensions and the minimumright per career year) and pension credits diminish pension inequality between men and women. If we assume that there are no minimum regulations, the pension gap would be 37% instead of 31%. If we assume that pension credits are not granted, the gap would be 43% instead of 31%. The pension credit part-time work with maintenance of pension rights, one specific type of pension credit, has a limited impact. Without this pension credit, the pension gap would increase with 0.4 percentage points.
The Knowledge Centre on Pensions was established by the Act of 21 May 2015. It gathers knowledge on pensions that is available in the various administrations, public institutions and public agencies.
The same Act also established a steering committee to gather knowledge on pensions and coordinate work. The FPB has a representative on that committee and provides the secretariat.
The Knowledge Centre provides technical assistance to the National Pension Committee, and the ministers in charge of pensions. In addition, the Knowledge Centre is in charge of assessing, mainly from a budgetary point of view, of decided reforms. At the request of its interlocutors, it also evaluates proposals of measures and reforms.
The budgetary impact of (proposals for) pension reforms is assessed using the MALTESE model (with the peripheral models PENSION, MOSES and PUBLIC respectively for the pensions of the employees' scheme, the self-employed scheme and the public sector scheme) (see Financial evolution of social protection).
The social impact of (future) pension reforms is simulated and analysed using the MIDAS model (see Income distribution and poverty) and the EXPEDITION model (see Income distribution and poverty), including more specifically the REPLICA model which focuses on pensions.
Federal Planning Bureau
